Behavior. Stimulus. Response.

BEHAVIOR is the way an ORGANISM reacts to a STIMULUS.

YOU BEHAVE IN RESPONSE TO A DIFFERENT KIND OF STIMULI. 

STIMULUS - SINGULAR.

STIMULI - PLURAL.

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STIMULUS - any kind of information / signal  external / internal that can be detected by organism.

RESPONSE - REACTION TO A STIMULUS.

HABITUATION - ignoring neither positive nor negative stimuli. 

If the animal wasn't rewarded or punished for something it did, it just stops producing any type of behavior and spends its energy on something more efficient.

LEARNING - CHANGING THE BEHAVIOR AS A RESULT OF EXPERIENCE, 

1) what produces behavior in animals? stimulus

2) what is innate behavior? instinct / inborn (WEB BUILDING BY SPIDER)

3) What are the major types of learning? habituation, classical conditioning, operant conditioning, insight learning. 

WHAT PROTECTS YPUR BODY AGAINST FREE RADICALS

1) catalase converts very harmful Hydrogen peroxide into O2 and H20


2) glutathion peroxidase inactivates hydroxyl ions and lipid peroxides into H2O


3) superoxide dismutase catalyses Superoxide into Hydrogen Peroxide



4) Antioxidants Vitamins A, E, C

CELLULAR INJURIES

---------HYPOXIA ----------
1) the most common type of injury.
2) occurs due to lack of O2
3) MAJOR REASONS: ischemia, cardiac failure, pulmonary failure, low O2 in the blood
4) ischemia - the most common reason of hypoxia.
    it occurs due to DECREASED arterial/venous outflow


------------INFECTION ---------------
1) viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi
2) can -----directly injure the body
           ------produce toxins
         



------------CHEMICALS --------------
- drugs
- pollution
- poisons
- occupational exposure
- social lifestyle (smoking, alcohol, intravenous drugs)


----------IMMUNOLOGIC REACTIONS -------------
- allergies
- autoimmune reactions


------------physical injury --------------
- trauma
- pressure changes
- radiation
 - burn
- frostbite

---------------- CONGENITIAL DISORDERS -----------------

- inherited genetic mutations

-----------------------NUTRITIONAL / VITAMIN IMBALANCE ---------------------------
- excessive calorie intake
- inadequate calorie intake
- vitamin deficiency